Which type of test requires patient supervision due to the risk of anaphylaxis?

The correct answer is challenge testing, which requires patient supervision due to the potential risk of anaphylaxis. This type of test involves exposing the patient to allergens in a controlled environment to observe for any immediate allergic reactions. Given that anaphylaxis is a serious, life-threatening allergic reaction, medical supervision is crucial during this process to ensure prompt treatment can be administered if necessary.

In contrast, RAST testing (radioallergosorbent test) is a blood test used to measure the level of specific IgE antibodies to particular allergens, and it typically does not pose an immediate risk of anaphylaxis. Scratch testing, while it does involve applying allergens to the skin, usually has a lower risk of severe systemic reactions if performed in a controlled setting. Tympanometry is a test that assesses the middle ear function and does not involve allergens at all, eliminating the risk of anaphylaxis.